This report explores the Annie E. Casey Foundation's Deep-End Initiative, which is helping juvenile justice jurisdictions safely and significantly reduce youth confinement -- especially for young people of color. In America today, youth of color are consistently over-represented in courtrooms and detention centers, youth prisons and other residential institutions. This disparity is most extreme for youth in court-ordered institutions -- often called the "deep end" of the system -- and for youth transferred from juvenile to adult criminal courts. Casey's deep-end effort spans 12 demonstration sites across the United States. It employs intentional, data-driven strategies that move systems toward equity and specifically focus on youth of color. As part of this work, sites engage community organizations and community members to increase opportunities for young people of color in their own neighborhoods. This document shares the initiative's early results -- and they're encouraging. From their baseline years to 2018, participating sites collectively reduced out-of-home placements by 50% for all youth and 51% for African-American youth. During this same time frame, juvenile crime rates improved. The Deep End Initiative builds on Casey's flagship juvenile justice reform movement -- Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative® (JDAI®) -- which focuses on front-end reforms. In this report on deep-end reforms, readers will learn: (1) An overview of the deep-end theory of change; (2) How to use the deep-end highway tool to identify opportunities for equitable reform; (3) Strategies for reducing out-of-home placements and improving youth well-being; and (4) How jurisdictions can make more equitable decisions about youth who engage in delinquent behavior.