One way to probe students' misconceptions about science during instruction is by using formative assessments. Described as assessments "for" learning rather than assessments "of" learning (Black and Wiliam 1998), they provide teachers with information about student understanding during instruction. Examples of formative…

Describes how teachers at Mason High School (Ohio) prepare students to pass state citizenship proficiency tests. Argues that these tests cannot be accurate measures of learning but that the objectives behind them provide sound educational goals. Shows how students of all abilities can be assisted in meeting the proficiency standards. (DSK)

In this project, Photovoice, a participatory action research tool, was used to establish a relationship between teacher and students and an understanding of students' ideas of, and about, science. The background to the research, the action research and Photovoice methods used, and what was learned from the study are discussed. Suggestions are made…