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Skaalvik, Einar M.; Rankin, Richard J. – American Educational Research Journal, 1995
Predictive relations between mathematics and verbal achievement and several different measures of motivation were examined in samples of 348 sixth-grade and 325 ninth-grade Norwegian students. Results support the internal/external frame of reference model suggesting that academic self-concepts are influenced by both external and internal…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries, Grade 6