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Direct linkGnedko-Berry, Natalya; Park, So Jung; Liu, Feng; Borman, Trisha H.; Manzeke, David – Teachers College Record, 2020
Background: Prior research shows that teachers' working conditions are important for teacher and student outcomes, such as teacher retention and student achievement. Because National Board Certified Teachers (NBCTs) can be effective in the classroom and as instructional leaders, they are well positioned to create favorable working conditions for…
Descriptors: Teacher Certification, National Standards, Academic Achievement, Teacher Persistence
Muschkin, Clara G.; Glennie, Elizabeth; Beck, Audrey N. – Teachers College Record, 2014
Background: Many school systems have ended social promotion by implementing accountability systems where students who fail academic assessments are retained in grade. Additionally, some parents have delayed their children's entry into school, believing that older students have an advantage. While research has examined outcomes for students who…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Grade Repetition, Age Differences, Social Promotion
