Problem solving is at the heart of mathematics, and is known to support learning for a diverse range of children. However, challenges can be encountered when teaching mathematics through problem solving. This article provides insights from research literature into: (1) the nature of the challenges; and (2) some ways that problem solving can be implemented in the primary classroom. We draw upon some of our own action-research experiences, and those of colleagues, engaged in exploring and learning about teaching mathematics using a problem-solving approach.