While research about the significance of parent participation in school is expanding, research about the role of Parent Associations (PA)/Parent and Teacher Associations (PTA) in the integration and participation of immigrant families in schools is limited. This is still the case in Spain and the U.S. despite the continued growth of the immigrant…

School integration and inclusion are important for educational equity, yet inclusionary educational policies often end up being exclusionary in practices. In this article I contribute to our understanding of school level mechanism underlying this process. I draw on 2 years of data collection in a progressive culturally responsive school…

This handbook is designed to aid parent associations in the New York City schools to better manage their financial responsibilities. After discussing the nature of Budget and Audit Committees, the handbook stresses the need for a budget and the items to be included in it. The areas of management, recordkeeping, and auditing are delineated. (WP)