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Download full textWolfram, Walt; And Others – 1971
This research is an attempt to determine the relative influence of Black English and Puerto Rican Spanish in the speech of Puerto Ricans raised contiguous to the black community in Harlem. The first chapter provides a general introduction to the study of this variety of Puerto Rican English and a description of the sample on which this study is…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Black Community, Black Dialects, Disadvantaged Youth
Labov, William; And Others – 1968
This study investigates the structural and functional differences between the non-standard Negro English of northern ghetto areas (NNE) and standard English (SE). The major field work was done in Central Harlem with (1) a geographically random sample of 50 pre-adolescent speakers in Vacation Day Camps, (2) six pre-adolescent and adolescent peer…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Adults, Age Groups, Black Culture
