Reverse engineering (RE) can play an important role in the re-designing tests in L2 English. It can also enrich the aim of teaching the same as raising children through academic achievement. In addition, it can play a key role in helping students understand how much their test is valid by using Standard reverse engineering (SRE). This paper is a…

Never before has more been asked of State Education Agencies (SEAs), commonly known as state departments of education. In recent years, policymakers at the state and federal level have viewed the SEA as the default entity for implementing new and sweeping K-12 initiatives--everything from Race to the Top grants and SEA waivers to teacher…

This article is a summary of a longer report, completed under the direction of the Research Institute for the Study of Language in Urban Society and the doctoral program in Urban Education at the Graduate Center in the City University of New York (CUNY) with funding provided by the New York State Initiative on Emergent Bilinguals (NYSIEB). It…

More than half of all public school pupils in New York State are enrolled in city systems. Noreover, if a child is educationally, physically, mentally, or emotionally handicapped, the odds are three out of five that he is in one of the five largest city school systems. If a child's family is on welfare, or black, or Spanish speaking, the odds rise…

An analysis presents the many factors which enter into the process of reorganizing two central school districts into a larger, more effective district. The analysis follows the two districts through the reorganization procedure and into resulting administrative and financial problems. The involvement and influence of the State Education Department…

This paper reports research which utilizes a qualitative approach in order to document and describe the process of complex organizational conflict. Qualitative research methodology and conflict sociology can be relevant to analysis of organizational processes. The qualitative approach is interpreted to include techniques such as observation, event…

The chief factors in State administration of public education are the State board, the State superintendent, and the professional staff of the State departments of education. Several valuable studies have been made of the State board and the State superintendent. It is the purpose of the present study to supplement these with an investigation of…

This monograph presents a history of educational services in New York State. Chapter 1 summarizes the history of the University of the State of New York, its Board of Regents, early development, and unification of the university and the Department of Public Instruction. Chapter 2 reviews the State Education Department's history and legal…

The history of school district reorganization in New York State over the past 150 years is examined. Basic research tools included a survey of present and former district superintendents, contacts with former State Education Department personnel, and reports from other leading figures and past participants. Sections are included on: the historical…