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Direct linkCallahan, Laura – International Multilingual Research Journal, 2009
This article compares data from service encounters conducted in person and over the telephone in New York City and the San Francisco Bay Area. During the in-person phase, the author and 8 fieldworkers entered businesses and initiated conversations with Latino service providers in Spanish, noting the language of response. The rate of non-reciprocal…
Descriptors: Telecommunications, Native Speakers, Service Occupations, Comparative Analysis
Callahan, Laura – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2005
Strategies for deciding which language to use when forms part of the sociolinguistic competence of speakers who can speak more than one language. Language choices are shaped by a number of factors, including linguistic proficiency of both speaker and interlocutor, the ingroup or outgroup status of each, and the setting in which an exchange takes…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Spanish, English (Second Language), Language Attitudes
