Charter schools are public schools that operate free from some government regulations in return for a commitment to achieve a set of student outcomes specified in their charter. Nearly 8,000 public charter schools enrolled 3.7 million students in the U.S. in 2020-21. In major cities, charter schools receive less funding per pupil compared to traditional public schools (TPS). Charter schools also use their funding more efficiently, achieving better short- and long-term outcomes per dollar invested, relative to TPS. In this study, the authors reexamine the productivity of publicly funded schools, using funding data from the charter school revenue report "Charter School Funding: Little Progress Towards Equity in the City." The authors also use achievement data from the Center for Research on Educational Outcomes' (CREDO's) city and national studies, the NAEP Data Explorer, and wage data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The authors also have access to complete data for nine cities: Camden, New Jersey; Denver, Colorado; Houston, Texas; Indianapolis, Indiana; Memphis, Tennessee; New Orleans, Louisiana; New York City, New York; San Antonio, Texas; and Washington, DC. They found that charter schools demonstrate an approximately 40 percent higher level of cost-effectiveness than TPS on average across nine cities.