ERIC Number: EJ1422907
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2024
Pages: 18
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-1088-8438
EISSN: EISSN-1532-799X
To Show or Tell: Improving the Spelling of Rule-Based Words with Explicit or Implicit Practice
Madelon van den Boer; Elise H. de Bree
Scientific Studies of Reading, v28 n3 p303-320 2024
Purpose: Children make spelling errors despite classroom instruction on phoneme-grapheme connections and spelling rules. We examined whether additional practice helps to decrease the number of spelling errors for a morphological spelling rule. We distinguished explicit practice in applying a spelling rule from implicit exposure to correct word forms. Method: After a dictation task, Dutch second graders (n = 139; 46.8% girls) were matched and randomly divided over explicit, implicit, and no-additional practice conditions. Additional practice was based on evidence-based exercises and encompassed five sessions. The dictation task included target words that were practiced, as well as transfer words that were not. Results: Both explicit and implicit practice resulted in better performance on target words (large effect) as well as transfer words (medium to large effect) compared to no-additional practice. There were no differences between implicit and explicit practice. Conclusion: These findings indicate that spelling performance can be improved by additional practice, both by telling and showing. Using evidence-based explicit or implicit exercises after classroom instruction has taken place can (further) improve children's spelling of rule-based words.
Descriptors: Spelling, Grade 2, Elementary School Students, Task Analysis, Verbal Communication, Evidence Based Practice, Teaching Methods, Foreign Countries, Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence, Morphology (Languages), Transfer of Training, Comparative Analysis, Indo European Languages, Spelling Instruction, Nouns, Error Patterns
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Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: Early Childhood Education; Elementary Education; Grade 2; Primary Education
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers - Location: Netherlands
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A