This article focuses on evidence regarding cross-national patterns of participation in adult education and an interpretation of these patterns from an institutional and public policy perspective. The interpretation follows from the perspective that sustaining high and widely distributed levels of investment in the development and maintenance of…

Research knowledge and reflections about efforts to mobilize participation have been developed in the Netherlands. Research into educational motivations has suggested nine independent motivations among adult learners that can be grouped into three general categories: intrinsic, extrinsic, and conditional educational motivations. An attempt has…