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van Galen, Mirte S.; Reitsma, Pieter – Cognition and Instruction, 2011
Predictions of the Identical Elements (IE) model of arithmetic fact representation (Rickard, 2005; Rickard & Bourne, 1996) about transfer between arithmetic facts were tested in primary school children. The aim of the study was to test whether the IE model, constructed to explain adult performance, also applies to children. The IE model…
Descriptors: Transfer of Training, Multiplication, Recall (Psychology), Arithmetic
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Beentjes, J. W. J.; Jonker, V. H. – Journal of Experimental Education, 1987
Second and third graders from six Dutch elementary schools (N = 168) solved two sets of almost identical addition and subtraction sums at a two-week interval. Inconsistency in strategies, which characterized half the subjects, was related to unfamiliar sums and resulted in misinterpreted errors. (TJH)
Descriptors: Addition, Arithmetic, Elementary School Students, Error Patterns