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Download full textAlderson, J. Charles; Wall, Dianne – 1992
The concept of washback, or backwash, defined as the influence of testing on instruction, is discussed with relation to second language teaching and testing. While the literature of second language testing suggests that tests are commonly considered to be powerful determiners of what happens in the classroom, the concept of washback is not well…
Descriptors: Classroom Techniques, Educational Environment, Educational Research, Educational Theories
