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Direct linkLeón, Jaime; Álvarez-Álvarez, Carmen; Martínez-Abad, Fernando – Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2022
A central objective of schooling processes at the international level is reading skills development. Unfortunately, many students in the European Union underperform at this, and these low performances can be more pronounced in countries with lower Human Development Index (HDI) values. This study analysed the contextual effect of school…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Reading Achievement, Institutional Characteristics, Reading Skills
Download full textInternational Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, 2016
PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) is the fourth assessment in the current trend series, following PIRLS 2001, 2006, and 2011. There were 61 participants in PIRLS 2016, including 50 countries and 11 benchmarking entities (e.g., regions of countries as well as additional grades or language groups from the participating…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, Reading Achievement, Grade 4
