Surveyed Dutch secondary teachers to investigate their professional orientations, assuming that professionalism was socially defined and thus constructed by all involved. Overall, teachers differed in their orientations and in combinations of their orientations toward instruction, educational goals, and role in the school organization. Teachers…

This article presents a new classification scheme for learning environments in secondary education, based on a review of recent literature on new learning and a review of existing classification schemes. This new classification scheme emphasizes new forms of learning and is organized around three main aspects of learning environments that may be…

This exploratory study examines how teachers perceive their work within the current context of educational reform. A cognitive social-psychological approach to emotions offers the theoretical framework for understanding what teachers have at stake within the context of the reforms. Six Dutch secondary school teachers with strongly differing…