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van Leendert, Annemiek; Doorman, Michiel; Drijvers, Paul; Pel, Johan; van der Steen, Johannes – Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 2022
Introduction: Across the world, mathematical expressions are represented very differently in braille. The aim of this study was (1) to gain an overall insight in mathematical braille notations and (2) to investigate how mathematical braille notations support braille readers in reading and comprehending mathematical expressions. Method: Twenty…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Braille, Mathematical Concepts, Reading Comprehension
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van Leendert, Annemiek; Doorman, Michiel; Drijvers, Paul; Pel, Johan; van der Steen, Johannes – Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 2019
Introduction: Braille readers encounter difficulties when reading mathematical expressions. In this exploratory study, we created a setting to investigate these difficulties. Method: Using a motion-capturing system, we analyzed the tactile strategies of three braille readers while they read mathematical expressions. To compare tactile with visual…
Descriptors: Braille, Reading Difficulties, Mathematical Formulas, Tactual Perception
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van Leendert, Annemiek; Doorman, Michiel; Drijvers, Paul; Pel, Johan; van der Steen, Hans – Journal of the International Association of Special Education, 2020
It is difficult to read mathematical expressions in braille, whether or not in coordination with text to speech (TTS) synthesis. The researchers in this study investigated the effect of an intervention on the braille readers' performance in reading and comprehending mathematical expressions as well as the braille readers' ability to make…
Descriptors: Braille, Audio Equipment, Mathematics Instruction, Reading Comprehension