The extent and degree of student alcohol and drug involvement--and possible factors relating to the involvement--were examined in a study of 1,503 Nebraska high school students in 6 small rural schools and in 1 larger school (949 students) located in a medium-sized trade center. The survey was undertaken as a needs assessment in preparation for a federal grant proposal targeted at substance abuse, but it also appeared to have relevance for the school curriculum. The questionnaire included 45 items and 3 identifying questions relating to psychological states, family and peer relationships, general adjustment, and worry areas. Results showed that of the 1,485 students who reported on their drinking behavior, 59% said they drank. Of these, 25% consumed over seven drinks weekly. Of the 1,448 students who responded to the question about drugs, 10.5% professed use (22% of these said they used on a daily basis). Much variation appeared between sites, with the biggest percentage of drinkers and drug users in the largest school (67% and 14.9% respectively). In all seven sites, inability to control oneself and one's life demands, family finances, pressure, depression, and hopelessness were among the reasons cited for substance abuse. Twenty-six pages of tables are included. (JMM)