This study assessed the music background and music achievement of 178 13-year-old rural students in southwestern Montana. The population for this study consisted of all 13-year-olds attending designated elementary schools in a six-county area in southwestern Montana. 1-, 2-, and 3-teacher K-8 schools were referred to as "rural" while…

Low student achievement for Montana's Native American students has been a recognized fact since the beginning of the reservation period. The current push for mathematics and science education reform, coupled with federal and state accountability mandates, enhances opportunities for learning but also challenges Native students' culture and…