There is a lack of knowledge in whether there is a difference in results for students on paper and pencil high stakes assessments and computer-based high stakes assessments when considering race and/or free and reduced lunch status. The purpose of this study was to add new knowledge to this field of study by determining whether there is a difference in results for students on paper and pencil high stakes assessments and computer-based high stakes assessments when considering race and/or free and reduced lunch status. The measurements in this study included 8th grade Missouri Assessment Program mathematics exam results data, Algebra I Missouri End-of-Course Exam results data, and the math portion of the ACT results data. The research design used a static-group comparison design that utilized a quantitative, non-experimental correlational methodology. By contributing further to the existing research, the findings of this study provide educators and policy makers additional information to make decisions that inform future policy discussions regarding the use of computer based testing for high stakes assessments within the K-12 public education setting. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]