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The Curious Case of Orthographic Distinctiveness: Disruption of Categorical Processing
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McDaniel, Mark A.; Cahill, Michael J.; Bugg, Julie M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
How does orthographic distinctiveness affect recall of structured (categorized) word lists? On one theory, enhanced item-specific information (e.g., more distinct encoding) in concert with robust relational information (e.g., categorical information) optimally supports free recall. This predicts that for categorically structured lists,…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Recall (Psychology), Word Lists, Cognitive Processes
The Role of Reminding in the Effects of Spaced Repetitions on Cued Recall: Sufficient but Not Necessary
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Wahlheim, Christopher N.; Maddox, Geoffrey B.; Jacoby, Larry L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Three experiments examined the role of study-phase retrieval (reminding) in the effects of spaced repetitions on cued recall. Remindings were brought under task control to evaluate their effects. Participants studied 2 lists of word pairs containing 3 item types: single items that appeared once in List 2, within-list repetitions that appeared…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Cues, Recall (Psychology), Memory
Interfering Effects of Retrieval in Learning New Information
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Finn, Bridgid; Roediger, Henry L., III – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
In 7 experiments, we explored the role of retrieval in associative updating, that is, in incorporating new information into an associative memory. We tested the hypothesis that retrieval would facilitate incorporating a new contextual detail into a learned association. Participants learned 3 pieces of information--a person's face, name, and…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Recall (Psychology), Associative Learning, Memory
Failing to Forget: Prospective Memory Commission Errors Can Result from Spontaneous Retrieval and Impaired Executive Control
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Scullin, Michael K.; Bugg, Julie M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
Prospective memory (PM) research typically examines the ability to remember to execute delayed intentions but often ignores the ability to forget finished intentions. We had participants perform (or not perform; control group) a PM task and then instructed them that the PM task was finished. We later (re)presented the PM cue. Approximately 25% of…
Descriptors: Memory, Cognitive Processes, Executive Function, Experimental Psychology
Reflections of Distraction in Memory: Transfer of Previous Distraction Improves Recall in Younger and Older Adults
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Thomas, Ruthann C.; Hasher, Lynn – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
Three studies explored whether younger and older adults' free recall performance can benefit from prior exposure to distraction that becomes relevant in a memory task. Participants initially read stories that included distracting text. Later, they studied a list of words for free recall, with half of the list consisting of previously distracting…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Recall (Psychology), Adults, Older Adults
Repeated Testing Produces Superior Transfer of Learning Relative to Repeated Studying
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Butler, Andrew C. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2010
The present research investigated whether test-enhanced learning can be used to promote transfer. More specifically, 4 experiments examined how repeated testing and repeated studying affected retention and transfer of facts and concepts. Subjects studied prose passages and then either repeatedly restudied or took tests on the material. One week…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Testing, Transfer of Training, Prose