School transportation may increase student outcomes by providing a reliable and safe means of getting to and from school. Little evidence of the effects of such policies exists. In this paper, I provide some of the first causal evidence of transportation impacts on student attendance and achievement using a rich panel of student-level enrollment…

This study analyzes how bus eligibility impacts student attendance and achievement in Michigan where almost half of the largest districts limit bus transportation to students who live more than 1.5 miles from school. The study finds that while eligibility has no major effect on student attendance or achievement overall, economically disadvantaged…

Ask any college student attending a university in the Northeast or Midwest, and one will discover that in the world of frigid-winter academia, there is nothing worse than just missing the campus shuttle bus in 12-degree weather. Today, however, students at a handful of colleges can stay warm and cozy inside their dorm rooms while they track the…

This is an interview with Carl Candoli, School Superintendent of the Lansing, Michigan, School System, and one of the chief authors of the Cluster Plan for desegregation, which emphasized busing. (Author/AM)

Notes that white flight is not universal: it depends upon the city as context. (Author)

Notes that the strong and persistent under current of opposition to bussing among parents in the Pontiac schools creates a barrier to meaningful integration of the schools, even though it does not interfere with desegregation. (Author/AM)

In a factory city that responded explosively to bused integration, author finds the system working and the children happy." (Editor)

To determine the effects of busing, this study compared 1971/72 enrollments in the public schools in Kalamazoo and Pontiac, Michigan with enrollment size and trends between 1966 and 1970. (Author/SF)

Desegregation, particularly court ordered busing, has been viewed independently of the complex historic and economic factors in which these policies are rooted. By focusing on the educational aspects of a social or political change the importance of various other factors which operate outside the school but which influence school programs and…

Examines the legal, administrative, and logistical barriers that have prevented the wide acceptance of coordinating community and school transportation services and why these barriers may be breaking down. Two examples of successful implementation of coordinated transportation are examined: employing a single system to serve all transportation…

A study of bus transportation was conducted by the Department of Business at Central Michigan University to determine the feasibility of centralizing the transportation function of the seven rural schools in the COOR Intermediate School District in Michigan, who, at the time of the study, operated their own transportation systems. Investigation…

An important component of the school desegregation methods of Lansing, Michigan, was the Cluster Plan, which is described and evaluated in this article. (Author/AM)

This guide for Michigan parents of children with physical disabilities provides a synopsis of information and suggestions on school bus transportation gained from a series of four workshops. Topics covered include: (1) planning (determining just what the student's special transportation needs are by the Individualized Educational Planning…

Discusses a case which attempts to address the problems of city-suburban segregation: its significance lies in the uniqueness of the remedy applied to Detroit and in the high probability that this type of remedy, if applicable, would be applicable to other metropolitan areas. (Author/JM)