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Hao, Winona; Hedger, Joseph – National Association of State Boards of Education, 2021
Teacher certificates often span broad grade bands, such as K-5, K-6, or even K-8. To earn these certificates, teacher candidates often spend more time learning content designed for older children and less on early childhood development and early literacy and numeracy. This issue of "State Innovations" highlights the Michigan State Board…
Descriptors: Teacher Certification, Teacher Education Programs, Early Childhood Education, Special Education
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Koehler, Ronald – Journal of School Public Relations, 2009
Michigan's intermediate school districts were created by constitutional convention in 1962. Between their inception and 2000, few units of government were less visible and less understood. This article chronicles the emergence of one intermediate school district as an aggressive force for change in education and a locus of activity for community…
Descriptors: Intermediate Administrative Units, Power Structure, Government School Relationship, Public Relations