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Krist, Christina; Schwarz, Christina V.; Reiser, Brian J. – Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2019
Mechanistic reasoning, or reasoning systematically through underlying factors and relationships that give rise to phenomena, is a powerful thinking strategy that allows one to explain and make predictions about phenomena. This article synthesizes and builds on existing frameworks to identify essential characteristics of students' mechanistic…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Heuristics, Epistemology, Middle School Students
Michigan State Board of Education, Lansing. – 1986
Guidance for the development, assessment and/or improvement of science education programs in Michigan is provided in this handbook for teachers, administrators, and parents. It provides a philosophical foundation and curricular framework from which educators could construct comprehensive local science education programs. The nature of science is…
Descriptors: Biological Sciences, Curriculum Development, Earth Science, Educational Philosophy