During the last 20 years, the United States has experienced more attempts at education reform than at any other time in its history. Efforts to reform financing, the assessment of student performance, accountability and equity, and school choice have all been implemented--with varying levels of success. Michael F. Addonizio and C. Philip Kearney…

Most of the low-performing schools and students are in urban districts where poverty is high, where large proportions of students have limited English proficiency, and where students perform poorly on achievement tests. Moreover, urban districts face numerous challenges, including attracting teachers to their schools and optimizing their hiring,…

Discusses state efforts to link education reform with educational adequacy. Describes four approaches for investigating this linkage: statistical modeling, empirical observation, professional judgment, and whole-school design. Investigates educational adequacy in Michigan's school-finance reform efforts by examining urban school districts. Finds…