Maintaining a fleet of buses to transport students to school is a major expense for school districts. An efficient bus routing system can greatly reduce the time and cost associated with transportation, while also ensuring the safety and comfort of students. Optimizing large-scale school bus routing problems (SBRP) is challenging due to the huge…

A documentation of racism in Boston and New England schools from colonial times to the present, coupled with a plea for black people to continue their struggle against white supremacy and for educational equality. (EH)

This article was prepared for a Seminar in Urban Politics and Education, Harvard Graduate School of Education, in the Spring of 1968. (RJ)

Among the issues discussed in this round table discussion are the following: bussing, the conflicts between labor and bussing, and the bussing crisis in Boston. (AM)

This issue is said to raise many questions about the capacity of the federal courts to resolve major social problems. What happens in Boston is said to be important because it is a salvageable city in that it has not yet "tipped" with blacks making up only about 17 percent of city population and less than 40 percent public school…

In this document some of the issues and events surrounding school desegregation in Boston are addressed in an effort to help affected parents and students. Information is provided on the legal rights of parents who have been harassed for cooperating with desegregation laws. Some notes of a coordinator describing the busing of students and parent…

This article attempts to contribute to the understanding of systemic racism by showing some of the subtlety and pervasiveness of this racism, primarily through an analysis of how the violence in Boston during the spring of 1976 was, and continues to be, handled. (Author/EB)

The King School in Dorchester, Massachusetts has come from being an educational basket case to succeeding in the remarkable feat of attracting and holding a city-wide population of students. (Author/AM)

Notes that not all opposition to busing derives from socially, unhealthy, or immoral values and provides alternatives such as fear of sending children into high crime areas. Most Bostonians are said to hate forced busing because of the violence it is spawning. [Available from America, 106 West 56th Street, New York, New York 10019]. (Author/AM)

In this document several questions about the meaning of court ordered school desegregation in Milwaukee are addressed. Racial and demographic factors and educational policies preceding the 1976 court decision that the Milwaukee schools were illegally segregated are reviewed chronologically. The content of the court decision is discussed. Other…

This essay explores the ethnic dimensions of Boston's school desegregation crisis in three ways: it analyzes the busing crisis in terms of Boston's peculiar mix of history, culture, and politics; it suggests an analytical distinction between ethnic conflict and racism; and it evaluates the busing crisis from the perspective of ethnicity in…

This voluntary school integration project uses the open enrollment plan of the Boston School Department in transporting Negro children from predominantly Negro schools in the black district to more racially balanced schools in other parts of Boston. It has involved private financing, intra-city bussing, and the initiative and participation of…

In Boston a number of factors contributed to the prolonged community resistance to school desegregation and busing to achieve it. First, for ten years prior to 1974, Boston residents had been assured that their children had a right to attend neighborhood schools and that this right would never be abridged. Thus, the court order to utilize bus…

Concepts and methods of geography are applied to the study of school desegregation in this paper. Beginning with a spatial/temporal view of desegregation, the key legal events which have charted the course of desegregation are reviewed, and geographic patterns over time are examined. This discussion is followed by an investigation of the…