Compulsory education in America arguably originated with Massachusetts's legislative acts of 1642, 1647, and 1648; the 1642 act compelled education of children. Best known is the colorfully named Old Deluder Satan Law of 1647, famously declaring towns with populations of 50 must hire a reading and writing teacher, and those holding 100 requiring a Latin Grammar School. This law's title was derived from its purpose, as teaching youth to read allowed access to the Christian "Bible," with their presumably subsequent faith and doctrinal adherence producing virtuous citizens confident of an eventual heavenly home rather than warmer climes. Still, these laws and many afterwards were not strictly enforced until Horace Mann advocated schooling for all, with his Common School Movement leading to free, public, and locally controlled elementary schools, beginning with Massachusetts in 1852. Compulsory education laws were passed in 32 states by 1900 and in all by 1930. (Contains 55 footnotes.)