In this report, the authors examine the many ways Black and Latino students are locked out of the advanced coursework opportunities that can set them up for success in college and careers. Herein, they paint a picture at both national and state levels of how these students are denied access to meaningful advanced coursework opportunities, from elementary to middle to high school. They also diagnose the particular types of barriers standing in their way and offer actionable solutions for state, district, and school leaders to address those barriers. In some instances, the problem is that Black and Latino students attend a school without any advanced courses; in others, they attend a school that enrolls too few students in advanced coursework overall, or one with inequitable course assignment, meaning Black and Latino students in particular are being denied access to courses. Also, within a particular state, the problems are often different for Black students than Latino students. In all cases, the authors argue that unearthing these barriers to opportunity will help state leaders pursue targeted solutions that will actually move the needle for both groups of students.