The Office of Shared Accountability (OSA) in Montgomery County (Maryland) Public Schools (MCPS) examined academic performance of English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) students in U.S. History and Modern World History courses, as well as the course sequence in ESOL U.S. History and Modern World History. In MCPS, students who are not ESOL take U.S. History in Grade 9 and Modern World History in Grade 11. The ESOL social studies course sequence may be different. Since ESOL students come from different parts of the world, it is assumed that they are more familiar with world history than with history of the United States (U.S.). For this reason, the Division of ESOL/Bilingual Programs recommends that lower-level ESOL students take ESOL Modern World History first in their sequence of social studies courses, and higher-level ESOL students take ESOL U.S. History first (Appendix A). In MCPS, three social studies courses are required for graduation and must be taken by ESOL and non-ESOL students: U.S. History; Modern World History; and National, State, and Local (NSL) Government. This study investigated how the course sequence impacted academic performance in the ESOL U.S. History and ESOL Modern World History courses so the optimal course sequence could be suggested. The focus of this study is the ESOL U.S. History and ESOL Modern World History courses because there is currently no NSL Government course designed for ESOL students in MCPS. Five appendices contain supplemental data tables.