This study explored the uneven development of assessments by elementary physical education teachers that contributed to students' underdeveloped physical education skills. This current research was developed to investigate the need to focus on a teacher's understanding of assessment development using the Maryland State Physical Education Framework…

The "Blueprint for Maryland's Future," passed by the 2021 Maryland General Assembly, requires that a college and career readiness (CCR) standard be set for Maryland public school students that "certifies that by the end of 10th grade, and not later than the end of 12th grade, a student has the requisite literacy in English and math…

The need for scientifically literate citizens is an urgent priority, exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic of 2020. Despite the importance of scientific literacy, elementary schools across the nation have not made science instruction a priority in their school day. On average, elementary students spend 40% less instructional time in science…

The annual Performance Accountability Report (PAR) serves as an important mechanism by which public colleges and universities in Maryland are held accountable. Through a performance accountability plan, institutions are required to establish and maintain performance standards, and use metrics to assess their effectiveness in tackling institutional…

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perceptions of academic rigor by teachers and administrators of secondary mathematics classrooms in Maryland, during a crisis. The identified problem is, during COVID-19 pandemic, school district leadership may not have effectively communicated with employees about rigor application expectations. The…