Fostering innovation and upskilling labour pools have become key goals in national economic development plans and education and training system reforms since the mid-1990s. For their transformation into knowledge-based economies, countries in Southeast Asia have relied on importing transnational higher education providers and have envisioned…

Privatization trends in higher education have typically been analyzed from the perspective of the institution and its relationship with the sponsoring state. The recent phenomenon of international cross-border higher education, however, represents a more complicated picture of privatization. Geographic separation from the sponsoring state is an…

This paper attempts to analyse how governments in Malaysia and Thailand have adopted indirect policy instruments along the lines of "corporatisation" and "privatisation" to reform higher education governance. By focusing on a few key issues related to changing state and education relationships and new regulatory arrangements…