Despite recent developments in measurement tools to assess the quality of life of individuals with intellectual disability, little is known about the cultural aspects that affect their quality of life. This study examined the universal and cultural characteristics of the quality of life of individuals with intellectual disability in Denmark and Japan through a factor analysis of the Personal Outcomes Scale and analysing qualitative comments in both "self-report" and "report-of-others" components of the scale. Factor analysis and qualitative comments in "self-report" showed that "personal development" and "self-determination," as well as well-being and social participation, were experienced as important components of quality of life in Denmark. Conversely, "personal development" and "self-determination" were less frequently mentioned in Japan. The findings reflect the general characteristics of quality of life in each culture and the current conditions of independence and available support for individuals with intellectual disability in Denmark and Japan.