Japan launched the Long-term Care Insurance program in 2000, and ratified the United Nations' Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2014. Japan has been taking significant steps to support their elderly population and individuals with disabilities. However, information is lacking on the understanding and opinions of either of these groups among Japanese college students, many of whom will have significant impact on the development of relevant programs in the future. The purpose of this study is to explore perceptions of the elderly, individuals with a physical disability, and individuals with a mental disability. Three focus groups were held with a total of 20 college students throughout June and July 2015 in Japan. Lack of formal and human resources are issues for the elderly and people with physical disabilities. It is important to increase awareness of struggles related to physical and mental disabilities. Images of physical and mental disabilities in society and media need to be improved. Future studies need to expand in the following areas: 1) to examine the issues of lack of formal and human resources and its impact on the elderly, families and society; 2) to develop programs to increase awareness of the issues of disabilities and evaluate the effectiveness of the programs; and 3) to examine the impact of media on perceptions of people with a disability.