This study reconsidered educational materials by analyzing educators' opinions regarding handmade manipulative materials (HMMs) for children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities in Japan. Instead of concurring with the view that educational materials are static and inert products, the author adopted an agential realist perspective…

In the past few decades, especially since the 2008-09 economic downturn, the faculty of American colleges and universities has undergone a far-reaching transformation. Multiple factors, mainly extraneous to the campus itself, are reshaping higher education, and as a result a reprioritizing of the internal allocation of resources is occurring. The…

Participants in a Wabash Center consultation on vocation discussed the variety of expectations, opportunities, and challenges that create contexts for teaching as they move through careers. These essays emerge from the experiences and reflections of four participants about different stages of careers in diverse contexts. Tom Massaro writes from…

This comparative analysis of the salaries of Japanese and American public school teachers addresses these principal questions: (1) How does the level of public school teachers' salaries in Japan (measured in terms of teachers' purchasing power) compare with that in the United States? (2) How does the teachers' salary structure in Japan compare…

This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a research report on the administrative functions of local boards of education. The report discusses (1) The organization of local education boards; (2) Personnel administration of teachers; (3) Inservice training of teachers; (4) Improving the administrative functions of…