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Zhan, Ying – First Language, 2021
This study examines the role of agency in a young trilingual child's language choice in interaction with her Mandarin-speaking grandparents. The child was born in Japan to a Chinese mother and a Japanese father. English is used as a lingua franca in the family. The study demonstrates how the child asserts her agency to negotiate the decisions and…
Descriptors: Toddlers, Personal Autonomy, Multilingualism, Language Usage
Ihata, Anne C. – 1993
This study investigated patterns of acquisition of English and Japanese by a toddler, aged 16-23 months, living in Japan. The child's mother and father are British and Japanese, respectively. The focus of the study was on early grammatical morpheme and transformational rule acquisition as demonstrated in the child's utterances. The study is…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Case Studies, Child Language, Cultural Pluralism