Learner engagement is crucial for ensuring the quality of learning experiences, and yet the study of 'task engagement' has received relatively little empirical attention in the language education domain. This article reports on a study exploring the factors contributing to learners' engagement and disengagement during task performance in an…

Although research in the area of communication apprehension (CA) has been extensive, little of it has attempted to identify the regularity and intensity of the nonverbal stress behaviors associated with CA. Additionally, most CA research has concentrated on the problem in North American settings. To extend the boundaries of CA research, a study…

This paper briefly outlines the theory and development of Values Clarification and explores its possible applications to English as a foreign language (EFL). The five basic types of Values Clarification exercises are discussed: (1) interviewing, (2) rank-ordering, (3) forced choice, (4) values continuum, and (5) sentence completion. The theory and…