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Direct linkSadao Otsuka; Toshiya Murai – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2024
There is widespread concern about declining literacy skills in recent young Japanese. The present study investigated how higher-level reading and writing proficiencies are underpinned by basic literacy skills in Japanese adolescents. From a large database of the most popular literacy exams in Japan, we retrospectively analyzed word- and text-level…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Literacy, Test Score Decline, Data
