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| Journal of Early Adolescence | 1 |
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Peer reviewedKoizumi, Reizo – Journal of Early Adolescence, 1995
Generalized future expectancies of personal life success (optimism) and failure (pessimism) were examined in a cross-sectional study, with Japanese fifth- through ninth-grade students (n=584). Average optimism scores were lower and average pessimism scores were higher after the transition to junior high school. (JBJ)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Foreign Countries, Intermediate Grades, Junior High Schools
