When a Japanese speaks to an American, the former changes his concepts into signs with associations based on Japanese culture, while the latter translates those signs into concepts with associations based on American culture. Thus, without understanding American patterns of association, no Japanese can communicate with an American effectively…

Explores the complex interrelationships between language and culture, between teachers' identities and teaching practices, and between their explicit discussions of culture and implicit modes of cultural transmission in their classes. A six-month study examined how teachers deal with institutional and curricular expectations regarding their…

Relates observations of the Japanese educational system by a U.S. high school history teacher. Finds the Japanese system impressive but argues that such a centralized and authoritarian system would not work in the United States. Educators should learn from Japanese schools, not copy them. Recommends U.S. educators seek agreement on educational…