The Chinese government has been actively recruiting foreign-trained Chinese scholars to return to China since the Chinese brain drain began. Japan is among the most popular destinations for Chinese scholars seeking to receive doctoral training. This study explores the factors contributing to the stratification of Japanese-trained Chinese PhDs'…

Student mobility to and among higher education systems in Asia has reached unprecedented levels. In particular, inbound and outbound student mobility creates twin challenges--growing diversity in host countries and brain drain and circulation for sending countries--that have significant implications for growing intra-regional mobility,…

Of all the levels of education, doctoral education is the most internationalised. By selecting one key indicator (the proportion of international students among a country's doctorate recipients), the article presents an analysis of PhD students' international mobility. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War in the early…