The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the socionormative approach of internality in the field of education, and more specifically regarding scholastic judgment. It describes the theoretical development and the main procedures used by researchers to show that internal causal explanations have more value than external ones because they…

Data suggest that strategies of infant care at any one point in time may reflect not just one but all three concerns (for physical well-being, economic feasibility, and cultural ideologies) itemized in LeVine's (1974) hierarchy. Child care strategies that serve multiple goals have the best chance of surviving when environmental circumstances…

Until the 1970s, social norms dictated that women provided care for their families and men were employed for pay. The rapid increase in paid work for women has resulted in an untenable model of work and care in which all employees are assumed to be unencumbered with family responsibilities and women who care for their families are dismissed as…