ERIC Number: EJ1279354
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2016-Nov
Pages: 12
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0004-9441
EISSN: N/A
Bias in Grading: A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Research Findings
Malouff, John M.; Thorsteinsson, Einar B.
Australian Journal of Education, v60 n3 p245-256 Nov 2016
This article provides a meta-analysis of experimental research findings on the existence of bias in subjective grading of student work such as essay writing. Twenty-three analyses, from 20 studies, with a total of 1935 graders, met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. All studies involved graders being exposed to a specific type of information about a student other than the student's performance on a task. The hypothesized biasing characteristics included different race/ethnic backgrounds, education-related deficiencies, physical unattractiveness and poor quality of prior performance. The statistically significant overall between-groups effect size was g = 0.36. Moderator analyses showed no significant difference in effect size related to whether the work graded was from a primary school student or a university student. No one type of biasing characteristic showed a significantly higher effect size than other types. The results suggest that bias can occur in subjective grading when graders are aware of irrelevant information about the students.
Descriptors: Racial Bias, Meta Analysis, Educational Research, Grading, Student Evaluation, Social Bias, Gender Bias, Elementary School Students, College Students, Foreign Countries
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Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research; Information Analyses
Education Level: Elementary Education; Higher Education; Postsecondary Education
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers - Location: Israel; United States; India; Poland; Australia; Germany; Netherlands
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A