Discusses medieval perception of old age based on classical theory of the four humors. Claims introduction of Aristotle combined with translation of Arabic medical works encouraged scientific discussion of the aging process. Notes Christian tradition stressed opportunities for spiritual perfection which aging brings, resulting in a broader…

In the Israeli Kibbutz, the family and the children's house are considered as two joint efforts to provide emotional, social, and intellectual support in the child's life. These two centers are not perceived as antogonistic or even competitive. In each of these systems of social relations are found both satisfaction and frustration, rewards and…

This paper compares the formal and non-formal education systems currently operating in Israel, describing the special features of curriculum planning in non-formal education. The central argument is that the non-formal education system fulfills functions that constitute a critique of the formal education system. The non-formal system offers the…

A typical day's activities at an Israeli kibbutz high school are described: Students live on the school premises, and study, work, and engage in social and cultural activities there. The kibbutz educational system fosters the values of cooperation, equality, and mutual aid. (PP)

Most Americans continue to place great faith in the social capacity of the public school system and to displace onto the schools responsibility to resolve some of our most urgent social issues. Israel was selected for observation in order to view American "educational messianism" from a distance. Cultural displacement as practiced in the…