A national language is useful as one means of creating social cohesion at the level of the whole country. It is also a symbol of national identity and of a nation's distinction from other countries. Probably no nation will ever be fully satisfied with a language that is a national language in the symbolic sense only, but the symbolic function of a national language has some importance. The most frequent single problem in installing a national language is not related to vocabulary expansion, spelling or grammmar standardization, the adequacy of the educational system, or the presence of an ensconced colonial language, but is often simply that there is no language that a sufficiently large majority of the citizens will accept as a symbol of national identity. (MSE)