This study examined whether the five scales of the MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation Inventory produced valid scores when used in university English language courses across four different countries. We surveyed 1,147 students in English language courses in Iran, Mexico, China, and Egypt and analyzed their responses by performing measurement…

The contemporary era of learning-oriented assessment (LOA) demands teacher professional efforts to appropriately and accurately assess learners' attainment and use the assessment results for the enhancement of learning. In second/foreign language (L2) discipline, this has recently brought language assessment literacy (LAL) to the forefront,…

Regarding the whispered use of technology in instruction and assessment of language skills, the present study investigates the effect of e-portfolio assessment on EFL learners' speaking proficiency. To this end, 60 intermediate students were randomly selected and homogenized to participate in the study. Samples of the IELTS speaking tests were…

This study compared students with specific learning disorders (SLDs) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) based on the Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale (FEATS). Thirty students with SLDs, 30 students with ADHD, and 30 students without SLDs/ADHD in Babol (Iran) completed the Person Picking an Apple from a Tree (PPAT) assessment.…

The purpose of this study is to develop a model of professional meritocracy of managers based on Iranian and Islamic teachings. The research method is mixed (qualitatively quantitative) of the type of successive exploratory designs. In the qualitative section, using the library method and mining texts, the concepts related to the indicators of…

Increasing children's access to media has attached greater significance to media literacy education, the content and methods of which have changed with media development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) method on media literacy competencies in elementary students. To this end, 95 female sixth-grade…

During the last few decades, motivation to learn English has become an interesting research area. However, the studies on EFL teachers' motivations for choosing teaching as their career, to the present date, are scanty. The present study was an attempt to construct and validate a teaching motivation scale for EFL teachers. In the qualitative…

The purpose of the current study was to develop and validate a scale to assess the inhibitors to reflective writing of Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers. The other aim of this study was to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. To prepare the first item pool of the questionnaire, the researchers reviewed the previous…

The globalized era together with demographic, geographical, and structural changes to English has reshaped the landscape of English language teaching (ELT) and emphasized the importance of preparing language learners for intercultural communication. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the relations of language and culture. The aim of…

The present study investigated the initial psychometric properties of the Youth Internalizing (YIBS) and Externalizing Behavior Screener (YEBS) in a sample of Iranian adolescents. The participants of the present study included two independent samples of 676 adolescents attending public elementary and high schools in Arak city, Iran. Findings from…

Purpose: Since reflectivity has a crucial role in education, it has attracted researchers' attention in the last decades. As such, the present study aimed to construct and validate a questionnaire to assess the barriers to reflective practices of Iranian ESP (English for Specific Purposes) instructors. Furthermore, this study aimed to investigate…

The present study reports the process of development and validation of a rating scale in the Iranian EFL academic writing assessment context. To achieve this goal, the study was conducted in three distinct phases. Early in the study, the researcher interviewed a number of raters in different universities. Next, a questionnaire was developed based…

The purpose of this study was to design a comprehensive and native scale, and to investigate the validity and reliability of teachers' academic emotions scale including anxiety, happiness, anger, pride, hope and despair, exhaustion, shame and guilt through a nine-factors TAE model (second order hierarchy) and a two-factors TAE model (third-order…

Curriculum development has always been dealt as one of the most important areas of language learning and teaching by educational institutions. Null curriculum has been viewed as one of the significant kinds of curriculum types which is important due to its absence, being left out or overlooked but should not be disregarded. For this reason, a…

The present study reports the process of developing and validating a self-report questionnaire that can be employed to examine technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) perceptions of Iranian EFL teachers. To conduct the study, a survey instrument consisting of items adapted from two existing TPACK-based survey instruments was generated.…