The purpose of this study is to analyse the content of primary school textbooks in Iran for their cultural values and characteristics, based on the individualism-collectivism dimension. Six primary school Let's Read Persian (LRP) textbooks were assessed using quantitative content analysis using two lists of individualistic and collectivistic…

Studies examining culture representation in language textbooks have rarely adopted the semiotic approach, despite its potential for presenting and (re)creating cultural meanings at their various levels (i.e. cultural, intercultural, multicultural, and transcultural) in the co-instantiations of texts, tasks, and images. To address this issue, a…

As there is no well-established benchmark in terms of the representation of culture in English Language textbooks, culture representation has often been treated as a matter of opinion. To address this gap, having classified the textbooks in an EFL context into three types, namely local, localised, and international, the researchers drew on the…