Since the advent of translanguaging pedagogy in language education, scholars have explored its application as a transformative tool for enhancing English language learning outcomes in Indonesia. Recent research has focused on strategies, practices, and future prospects of translanguaging pedagogy. This study employed the Preferred Reporting Items…

The low higher order thinking skills (HOTS) of vocational students is shown from the approaches and models used in learning that are not specific, learning activities are limited to methods that have not been able to grow HOTS. One of the approaches offered in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The research objective was to…