Traditionally, the exogenous control of gaze by external saliencies and the endogenous control of gaze by knowledge and context have been viewed as competing systems, with late infancy seen as a period of strengthening top-down control over the vagaries of the input. Here we found that one-year-old infants control sustained attention through head…

THIS STUDY INVOLVED THE IDENTIFICATION OF (1) RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN REINFORCEMENT AND PHYSICAL COMPONENTS OF COMPLEX PICTORIAL STIMULI IN DISCRIMINATION LEARNING AND (2) VARIABLES RELATED TO PRIOR EXPERIENCE WITH PICTORIAL STIMULI USED IN DISCRIMINATION LEARNING. LINE SHAPES WERE USED AS STIMULI. THESE SHAPES WERE VARIED BY ADDING SOME LINES THAT…

THE EFFECTS OF SELECTIVE MANIPULATION OF PICTORIAL CONTENT UPON PAIRED ASSOCIATE LEARNING WERE TESTED AND EVALUATED. STIMULUS MATERIAL WAS VARIED BY AUGMENTING CONTOUR CUES AND DIMINISHING IRRELEVANT CUES. FIFTH-GRADE STUDENTS WERE ASSIGNED TO NINE DIFFERENT TREATMENTS, INVOLVING STIMULUS SLIDES THAT VARIED IN TREATMENT OF CONTOUR AND CONTEXTUAL…

THE DESIGN OF THIS STUDY WAS TO (1) DESCRIBE A WAY OF ANALYZING GRAPHIC OR PICTORIAL MATERIALS, (2) DESIGN SOME STIMULUS MATERIALS WITH THIS METHOD OF ANALYSIS IN MIND, AND (3) TEST SOME PREDICTIONS BASED ON IMPLICATIONS RELATED TO THE ANALYTICAL METHOD IN AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. A SET OF GRAPHIC MATERIALS WAS ANALYZED AND DESCRIBED WITHIN A…

TO DETERMINE WHETHER AURAL-VISUAL LEARNING OF VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT IS MORE EFFECTIVE THAN ONLY VISUAL LEARNING, AND TO CONTRIBUTE STATISTICAL BASIS TO THE ASSUMPTION THAT AURAL FAMILIARITY WITH THE LANGUAGE FACILITATES MORE EFFICIENT LEARNING AND RETENTION OF VOCABULARY, A PROJECT WAS UNDERTAKEN AT EARLHAM COLLEGE THAT INVOLVED TWO GROUPS OF…