Purpose/Objectives: The Direct Verification Pilot tested the feasibility, effectiveness, and costs of using Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) data to verify applications for free and reduced-price (FRP) school meals instead of obtaining documentation from parents and guardians. Methods: The Direct Verification Pilot took place in School Years (SY) 2006-07 and 2007-08. Six states implemented direct verification with Medicaid/SCHIP (DV-M) and participated in the pilot evaluation: Georgia, Indiana, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Washington. Randomly sampled school districts in these states had access to DV-M and were surveyed by mail and online (2006-07, N = 85; 2007-08, N = 118). Respondents reported their experiences with and views about DV-M, and the time and costs spent on verification. Additional random samples of school districts provided FRP applications from families that did not respond to verification requests. Researchers matched these applications with Medicaid records to estimate the impact of DV-M on verification nonresponse. Results: Over one-half of all school districts in the study used DV-M. The percentage of districts with positive attitudes toward DV-M varied across states. In SY 2007-08, 30% to 97% of districts using DV-M found it easy, and 61% to 100% would use it again. District attitudes were related to timeliness, design, and understanding of DV-M. The percentage of sampled applications verified with Medicaid/SCHIP ranged across states from 2% to 25%. This wide range was primarily due to differences in Medicaid/SCHIP income eligibility limits and whether both Medicaid and SCHIP data were used. Overall, DV-M verified 24% of applications from households not responding to verification. If DV-M verified at least 8% of sampled applications, districts saved time. Applications to Child Nutrition Professionals: Most states and school districts can improve verification, save time, and reduce burdens on families, if they implement DV-M. (Contains 3 tables.)