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Bowdrie, Kristina; Holt, Rachael Frush; Houston, Derek M. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2022
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of caregivers' reports of family-related environmental confusion--which refers to the level of overstimulation in the family home environment due to auditory and nonauditory (i.e., visual and cognitive) noise--on the relation between child temperament and spoken language outcomes in…
Descriptors: Family Environment, Environmental Influences, Young Children, Deafness